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Politics: The Most Critical P-Word in Project Management
July 7, 2009 | Author: PM Hut | Filed under: Project Management Musings
Politics: The Most Critical P-Word in Project Management
By Robert McIlree
We focus primarily on what I call P-words: People, Process, Projects, Programs…and yet, there is one P-word missing; and it’s the one that trumps all of the others almost every time:
Politics.
While some people look at projects as a partnership between business and IT - which it should be - it more often isn’t, and the model most frequently used is the customer-contractor model. The business “hires” IT to develop systems and manage projects just like people hire general contractors to build or renovate their homes. When and if things on the project go awry, whether caused by the customer’s actions or not, the contractor is much more likely to be blamed, take the fall and suffer the consequences - whatever those are.
Other project situations that may become politically-charged are when there are opposing forces/viewpoints against the project from other powerful people in the organization - including non-sponsor stakeholders that have competing interests or don’t want things to ‘change’ in the manner in which they operate their portions of the organization. You can try and ‘measure’ that behavior all you’d like, but in the end, it won’t much matter because a political crusade is being waged, not some rational discourse that leads to logical, obvious, and optimized conclusions and action.
An IT Project Manager asks, “The project scorecard can be used to demonstrate that the right behaviors are happening on both sides. After all, if a project fails because the business sponsor was unwilling to buy in to the approach, or wouldn’t sign off on the interface design, or because the business users wouldn’t participate in the test process, why should the IT team take the rap for missing the dates or overruns in cost?”
Because in the culture of a number of organizations, IT always takes the rap for project budget overruns and missed dates, whether it was responsible for them or not. That’s largely the result of politics at work, not process or maintaining scorecards on unhealthy behaviors on the part of project sponsors and business stakeholders. Granted, sponsors and stakeholders who develop track records for sponsoring projects that repeatedly fail or cost too much often fall on their swords - eventually - but it usually takes more than one discrete project failure to have that happen. Often it takes several and in some cases, it never happens at all.
The best one can do in these types of situations is the following:
- Perform the appropriate level of risk management on and in all phases of the project - or in every iteration if it’s an Agile effort.
- All risks should be communicated to the business, not only the consequences of the risk events, but what the remedies (if any) will be.
- If risks are triggered for any reason, document it. Share it with sponsors and major stakeholders. If you encounter resistance or objection along the lines described above, there are reasons for those attitudes/behaviors (whether rational or not), and you must find out what those are and hope there are remedies short of project failure/cancellation.
- Deal appropriately with the consequences of customer-triggered risk events. Business sponsors certainly have managers looking over their shoulders, but going over a sponsor’s head with ’scorecards’ and ‘metrics’ may backfire on you huge. Do that repeatedly, and let me put it this way: it’s the wrong time in economic history to be unemployed.
- Project managers must have an intimate business relationship with business sponsors and major stakeholders. There must be trust developed or already present on both sides, and when there is, that’s a prime reason why successful project managers make the statements above about their sponsors. In such cases, there is no need to document business sponsor behavior on a ’scorecard.’
Projects are a lot like life - scorecards are useful for some things, but relationships matter far more in the end.
Robert McIlree is a consultant and university lecturer/speaker specializing in enterprise architecture and project management. His blog can be found at http://enterprisearchitect.typepad.com/.
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